Every Virtue Sits Between Two Vices: Aquinas Made Simple

There's a message I hear in church that I'm getting tired of: "Don't be selfish."

Selfishness is real. Obviously. But most of the women I work with aren't struggling with selfishness. They're struggling with self-abandonment. They keep the peace, sacrifice constantly, and apologize even when they've done nothing wrong.

Then they hear another sermon about sacrificing more, and they leave thinking, "I guess I need to try even harder."

It doesn't bear fruit. And St. Thomas Aquinas can tell us why.

Every virtue sits between two vices

Aquinas teaches that moral virtue is a mean, a middle point between two extremes (Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 64, a. 1). Not a lukewarm compromise, but the right thing, at the right time, in the right way.

So every virtue has two ways to go wrong:

  • Cowardice ← Courage → Recklessness

  • Self-erasure ← Charity → Coldness

  • Numbness ← Meekness → Wrath

  • Pusillanimity (shrinking back) ← Magnanimity (greatness of soul) → Presumption

  • Self-abandonment ← Peace → Domination

Why this changes everything

Most Christian teaching warns women about only one side of each virtue. If you already lean the other way, a strange thing happens: you read a passage, and instead of recognizing the virtue it teaches, you let it beat you up for a problem you don't even have.

The woman who drifts toward self-erasure doesn't need another warning against selfishness. She needs to hear that charity has an order (ST II-II, q. 26). The woman who shrinks from her gifts doesn't need another warning against pride. She needs to hear that Aquinas calls pusillanimity, small-souledness, a sin (ST II-II, q. 133).

When women see this, they say things like, "Ohhh… that passage wasn't correcting me at all."

Peace is a virtue, not a feeling

Most of us don't lack the virtue of peace. We lack the feeling. We're living good lives. We love God. We want His will.

And yet, when we finally stop moving and the jaw unclenches, we notice something inside pulling in two directions. Part of me wants to rest. Part of me feels like resting would be irresponsible.

That tension isn't a failure of faith. It's part of your interior life that needs to be rightly ordered. Peace, the virtue, is what we receive from Christ when those parts are brought into the light and gently aligned under His authority.

How to find your middle

  1. Name the virtue a situation is asking of you.

  2. Name both vices on either side of it.

  3. Notice which direction you drift under pressure.

  4. Apply the correction for your drift, not someone else's.

  5. Bring it to Christ. Virtue grows through grace and practice, not willpower alone.

Find your virtue

The free Virtue Quiz takes about five minutes and names the virtue to work on next, built on St. Thomas Aquinas. If you want to go deeper, the Virtue Study walks through twelve commonly misread Scripture passages so you can see which way you actually drift.

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False Guilt vs. Real Guilt: A Catholic Guide